Monday, December 19, 2011

Effective Teaching Strategies

Effective Teaching Strategies

The Western Center for Drug-Free Schools and Communities, Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory (1991) suggests that role playing, Socratic instruction, and small group work are effective teaching strategies for curriculum infusion.
"The Role Playing Process:
    1. Make sure the students define a situation that is relevant and important to them--for example, a situation in which they may be offered a drug. Get details such as the setting and number and types of people involved.
    2. Set the stage by arranging furniture, indicating where 'doors' might be located.
    3. Prepare the audience by giving them specific questions to be prepared to answer at the conclusion of the role play. Examples:
(a) Would this work in real life?
(b) How would you have handled the situation?
    1. There are numerous ways to select participants. Discuss ideas.
    2. Begin the role play, stopping it if it is unrealistic, going nowhere, or has accomplished its purpose.
    3. Ask questions of the participants and audience.
    4. Reenact the role play, if necessary, using a variation of the situation, new participants, feedback provided to improve a skill. . .
Suggested situations: refusing a drug offer, encouraging a friend to stop smoking, talking to a teacher about an assignment, requesting help from a parent, stopping a drunk friend from driving."
"Socratic Instruction:
Note that one of the most effective strategies for teaching about alcohol and other drugs is Socratic instruction (questioning). Socratic questioning fosters critical thinking, evaluation, and knowledge application in students and should be used as frequently as possible in assignments and class discussions.
    1. Allow 'wait time' for thinking. Give students time to consider the question and their response before requesting them to answer.
    2. Avoid yes-no questions. They lead nowhere and do not promote thinking nor discussion.
    3. Be sure students have the needed background and resources to respond to the questions posed. It is unfair and detrimental to their progress to not accept their levels of knowledge and experience.
    4. Open-ended and closed questions are useful. Open-ended questions promote critical thinking, while closed questions can focus attention.
    5. Include clarifying questions, demands and statements. They are as valid as questions are. Students may need guidance as they sift through possible answers.
Use questions from all levels of thinking. Help students to develop higher levels of critical thinking as well as the typical knowledge and comprehension levels."

"Small Group and Cooperative Learning:
    1. Establish heterogeneous groups.
    2. Establish group size.
    3. Designate group work areas.
    4. Designate specific responsibilities to group members.
    5. Provide clear directions, time constraints, rules, procedures.
    6. Provide necessary materials.
    7. Establish leader selection process.
    8. Minimize exchanges of information between groups.
    9. Watch for conflict.
    10. Encourage and praise group support." 

Monday, September 12, 2011

HEAL THE WORLD A listening activity

HEAL THE WORLD
A listening activity

Source: PALT ASIA (Mid-Year Seminar Workshop)
Theme: “Materials and Methods that Matter”
When: 1-3 May 2008
Where: Teacher’s Camp Baguio City
Topic: Heal the World, a listening activity
Prepared by: RVQ


Level: High School/College students
Subject: Approaches to college English
Time:
Preparation: The text is given before the class starts
Instructional Materials:

  • Pictures
  • Manila Papers
  • Pentel pens
  • Music player (Audible enough)

I. Objectives:
                      At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;

1.        identify the missing words from the given list of words as they listen to the song, “Heal the World by    Michael Jackson”;
2.        sing the song after it is played;
3.         write a letter containing three thoughts on how they can help the world;
4.        paraphrase the meaning or theme of the song; and
5.        illustrate the message of the song in the last stanza.

II. Subject Matter:

III. Discussion
          


A. Pre-listening Activity
 (Teacher’s Activity)

Happy morning class!

That’s great; now may I know who among you loves music?

Wow! I am amazed, almost all us here loves music.
Our lesson for today has something to do with our passion for music.


Okey, okey, okey, look at here class.
(The teacher posts pictures and cut outs on the board)


Can you see this class, now listen.
Here are the instructions;

Look on the pictures and tell me what these pictures show. There are numbers indicated in every picture so just tell the number and tell me your opinions. Is that clear class?

Now tell me what you see in the pictures? Yes cherry?

(students’ activity)


Happy morning, too, ma’am.

Almost all raised their hands



What’s that ma’am, it seems exiting! A music player? (murmuring)



(Everybody’s silent)



Yes ma’am




Yes ma’am



That’s good cherry, what else Joy?


Nice, that’s a very good observation joy. Another please yes Kaz?


Oh, what a deep answer. Could you tell us why you said so?


Honestly class I was amazed with all your answers, to tell you, you are all correct. Thank you

(The teacher execute the lesson by first, connecting the pictures and its messages to the title of the song) She did it by asking students the following questions;

Do you see any relationship or connection between the title and the pictures?


What is it? How is the word “heal” related to the second picture? Yes myla.

Very good myla, what about in the pictures, what else do you see? Yes dome?


Very well said dome, thank you. Another answer from the group, yes Felsie?




Very good felsie, you gave a great answer.
 Alright, I have here copies of the song. However, notice that there are blanks in every line. (Distribute the copies)

I will play a song from Michael Jackson entitled, “Heal the World” is there anyone who loves or heard this song already?

Now, let us see what the song says about healing the world. As I play the song, I want you all to listen carefully. Write the missing words in the blank, I will only play the song once so be careful. Are you ready?

(the teacher plays the song)

B. Post Listening Activity

Did you enjoy listening?
Very good, were you able to write down the missing words?

Nice, so shall we sing together? (Sing the song)

Okey, now tell me what does the first stanza implies?
Yes maricel.

Happy children ma’am


I notice that cooperation is projected in the pictures.



I see love in their eyes.



Cooperation ma’am because without love, there would be no cooperation.










Yes ma’am,

We can heal the world, by simply loving each other and one’s love is seen on how you help someone.

As myla said, to help is to love and help is seen in cooperation and with this we can heal the world.


Happiness is also connected to healing the world. With the picture however, the facial expressions of the characters show cooperation. When we help healing the world we are able to be happy.



(Silence)



(All raised their hands)




Yes ma’am






Yes ma’am


(Sing the song)



Ma’am. It suggest hope
I agree with you maricel, thank you, is there any other answer please? Yes cherry


Why did you say so?





Wow, an intellectual answer cherry. You are really in deep thoughts. Thank you but what about change? What do you think class? Yes kaz




Very good kaz exactly. How about the next stanzas? Yes Felsie?


Thank you felsie, a very good answer. Another please, yes joeylyne.


Very good Joey. What about the other stanzas?


Thank yiu very much joey. You gave us a precise answer. What about the last stanza? Yes dome?



Very good dome, well said. Now, now I would like you to choose five words in the list and construct your conclusion. Please write that in a half sheet of paper. You are given five minutes to finish that class.

(After five minutes)
Are you now finish class?
Please pass your paper now.

C. After Listening Activity

The class should be divided in two groups, I want you now to illustrate the message of the song in the last stanza.

Such a beautiful illustration class and please explain your answer. What was your  basis?




IV. ASSIGNMENTS

Pleas write a letter about your realizations in the song.
You can address it to your friend, your parents or anyone you want to address it.

Criteria:






























































Tuesday, August 23, 2011

A Love story "The Wedding Dance"

Wedding dance

Awiyao reached for the upper horizontal log which served as the edge of the head high threshold. Clinging to the to the log, he lifted himself with one bound that carried him across to the narrow door. He slid back to cover, stepped inside, then pushed the cover back in place. After some moments during which he seemed to wait, he talked to the listening darkness.

“I’m sorry this had to be done. I am really sorry. But neither of us can help iot.”
The sound of the gangsas beat through the walls of the dark house, like muffled roars of rolling waters. The woman who had moved with a start when a sliding door opened had been hearing the gangsas for she didn’t know how long. The sudden rush of the rich sounds when the door opened was like a sharp gush  of fire in her. She gave no sign that she heard awiyao, but continued to sit unmoving in the darkness.

But awiyao knew that she heard him and his heart pitied her. He crawled on all fours to the middle of the room; he knew exactly where the stove was. With his fingers, he stirred the covered smouldering embers, and blew into them. When the coals began to glow, awiyao put pieces of pine wood on them, then full round logs as big as his arms. The room brightened.
“Why don’t you go out,” he said, “and join the dancing women?” he felt a pang inside him, because what he said was really not the right thing to say and because the woman did not talk or stir.
“You should join the dancers” he said, “as if nothing has happened.”
He looked at the woman huddled in  a corner of the room, leaning against the wall. The stove fire played with strange moving shadows and lights upon her face. She was partly sullen, but her sullenness was not because of anger or hate.

“go out-go out and dance. If you really don’t hate me for this separation, go out and dance. One of the men will see you dance well; he will like your dancing; with him, you will be luckier than you were with me?”
“I don’t want any man,” she said sharply. ‘I don’t want any other man”
He felt relieved that at last she talked. “You know it very well that I don’t want any other women either. You know that, don’t you? Lumnay you know it, don’t you?”
She did not answer him, you know it lumnay, don’t you ?” he repeated.

“yes, I know,” she said weakly.
“it is not my fault, he said, feeling relieved. “You know cannot blame me; I have been a good husband to you.”
“Neither can you blame me,” she said. She seemed about to cry.
“you, you have been very good wife. I have nothing to say against you. “he set some of the burning woods place . it’s only that a man must have a child. Seven harvests is just too long to wait. Yes, we have waited long. We should have another chance, before it is too  late for both of us.” This time the woman stirred, stretched her right leg out and bent her left leg in. she wound the blanket more snugly around herself.

“you know that I had done my best,” she said. “I have to kabunyan much. I have sacrificed many chickens with my prayers.”
“yes, I know.
“you remember how angry you were once when you  came home from your work in the terrace because I butchered one of our pigs without your permission. I did it to appease kabunyan, because like you , I wanted so much to have a child. But could I do?”
“kabunyan does not see fit for us to have a child, he said. He stirred the fire. The sparks rose through the crackles of the flames. The smoke and soot went up to the ceiling.

Lumnay looked down and unconsciously started to pull the rattan that kept the split bamboo flooring in place. She tugged at the rattan flooring. Each time she did this, the split, the split bamboo went up and came down with a slight rattle. The gongs of the dancers clamorously called in her ears through the walls.

awiyao went to the corner where lumnay sat, paused before her, looked at her bronzed and sturdy face, then turned to where the jars of water stood piled one over other. awiyao took a coconut cup and dipped it in the top jar and drank. Lumnay had filled the jars from the mountain creek early that evening. “ I came home,” he said, “ because I did not find you among the dancers; of coarse, I am not forcing you to come, if you don’t want to join my wedding ceremony. I came to tell you that madulimay, although I am marrying her, can never become as good as you are.
She is not as strong in planting beans, not as fast in  cleaning water jars, not as good in keeping a house clean. You are one of the best wives in the whole village.” “that had not done me any good, has it?” she said. She looked at him lovingly. She almost seemed to smile. He put the coconut cup aside on the floor and came close to her. He held her face between his hands, and looked longingly at her beauty. But her eyes looked away. Never again would he hold her face, the next day, she would not be his anymore. She would go back to her parents. He let go of her face, and she bent to the floor again and looked at her fingers as they tugged softly at the split of bamboo floor.


“you wish. I will build another house for madulimay.” “ I have no need for a house,” she said slowly. “I’ll go to my own house, my parents are old. They will need help in the plantings of the beans in the pounding of the rice.”
“I will give you the field that I dug out of the mountain during the first year of our marriage,” he said. “you know I did it for you. You helped me to make it for the two of us.”
“I have no use for any field,” she said. He looked at her, then turned away, and became silent.
“go back to the dance,” she said finally.
“it is not right for you to be here. They will wonder where you are, and madulimay will not feel good.
“go back to the dance”
“I would feel better if you could come, and dance-  for the last time. The gangsas are playing.” You know that I cannot.”
\

“Lumnay,” he said tenderly. “lumnay, if I did this, it is because of my need of a child. You know that life is not worth living without a child. They have mocked me behind my back. You know that.” “I know it,” she said.” I will pray that kabunyan will blessed you and madulimay.”
She bit her lips now, then shook her head sobbed. She though of the seven harvest that had passed, the high hopes they had in the beginning of their new life, the day he took her away from her parents across the roaring river, on the other side of the mountain, the trip up the trail which they had to climb, the steep canyon which they had to cross-the waters boiled in her mind in foams of white and jade and roaring silver, the waters growled, resounded in thunderous echoes through the walls of the steep cliffs, they were fart away now but loud still and receding; the waters violently smashed  down from somewhere on the tops of the other ranges, and they had looked carefully at the buttresses of rocks they had to step on-a slip would have meant death. They both drank of the water, then rested on the bank before they made the final climb to the other side of the mountain. She looked at her face with a playing upon his features-hard and strong and kind. He had a sense of lightness in his way of saying things which often made her and the village people laughed. How proud she had been of his humour. The muscles were taut and firm, bronze and compact in their hold upon his skull-how frank his bright eyes were. She looked at this body that carved out of the mountains five fields for her; his wide and supple torso heaved as if a slab of shining lumber were having; his arms and legs flowed down in fluent miuscles-he was strong and for that she had lost him.
She flung herself upon his knees and clung to them. “awiyao,awiyao, my husband.” She cried. I did everything to have a child, she said passionately in a hoarse whisper. She took away the blanket that covered her. Looked at me,” she said. “looked at my body. Then it was full of promise. Then it would dance, it could work fast in the field, it could climb the mountains like. Even now it is firm full but awiyao, kabunyan never blessed me awiyao, kabundan is cruel to me awiyao. I am useless. I must die.

It will not be right to die, he said gathering her in his arms. Her whole warm naked I breast quivered against his own she chin 

Wednesday, May 25, 2011

A Story "going bananas"

 A Story "going bananas"

Many, may years ago, there lived a beautiful princes called Mariang Maganda, which means “the beautiful one”.
She lived near a large forest, wherein grew the most beautiful, colourful, and fragrant plants and flowers. Everyday the princess would walk trough the forest in order to pick beautiful flowers, which she would then put together into a long garland. She would then wrap this chain of many beautiful colors in her hair, around her neck, and over her body. These flowers only accentuated the princess’ already considerable beauty.

One day, while the princess was in the forest collecting flowers for a new garland, she came upon a hansome young man. As soon as they looked into one another’s eyes, there was an immediate feeling of mutual affection between them.
Everyday from that day onward, they met in the forest where they would walk together through the flowers, hand in hand. They were  very, very much in love with one another.

One day, as they walked through the carpet of beautiful flowers in the forest, the princess commented on how particularly beautiful the flowers looked on this day.

The young man smiled at the princess. “These flowers are indedd beautiful,” he said, “but they are not as beautiful as the flowers you will find in my world.” As soon as the words had left his lips, the young amn realized that he should have not said them.

“what do you mean?” asked the puzzled princess. “are you not from this world?”

The young man was now forced to tell the beautiful princess the truth. “No,” he replied “I am from another world”. The world of the gods, I am not a mortal.”

The princess was stunned. But before she could comprehend what the young man has just said, he began to leave. But the princess  grabbed him by the arm and pulled him back toward her, “wait! Do not go!” said the princess.

The young man look toward the hiorizon, where the sun was setting fast. “I must return to my world before the sun goes down at the end of the day,” he explained. Otherwise I will never be allowed to return here to see you.”

“Then let me come to you to your world,” pleaded the princess. “no!” answered the young man emphatically. “It is strictly forbidden for mortals to enter the world of the gods”. Now please let me go, Mariang Maganda, before the sun disappears.”

But the princess did not want the man to go and clung onto his arm with a ll her might. “no, please don’t leave me!” she begged. “I want to hold on to you forever!” but the young man struggled to free himself from the soobing princes and ran toward the horizon, where the sun had already set. He had left it too late and would never be able to return to visit the princess in her world ever again. “I loveyou, Mariang MAganda!”. “He shouted, as he disappeared over the horizon, never to be seen again”. The sobbing pricess could not bear to watch her lover as he ran from her. But as she slowly opened her tear- stained eyes, she was amazed to see that she was holding his arms in her hands.

The princess decided to burry the young man’s arm in the middle of the beautiful flowers which she adored so much. For several days, the princess could not bring herself to visit the woods for fear of bringing back painful memeries of the young amn she hinside her ad loved and lost forver.

Instead she stayed inside laying in bed, crying and sobbing. After a few days, the princess once more pluck up the courage to visit the forest and see and smell the beautiful flowers, which she loved so much.
When she enetered the  forest and walked through the carpet of flowers, she was amazed to see that a new and unusual plant had grown on the spot where she had buried her lovers dismembered arms a few days earlier.

The astounded princess examined the plant, which had wide, green leaves, but no branches. From that moment onward the princess rush to the forest every morning to water this unusual plant and whispered tender words into its large leaves, to encourage it to grow. The princess tender, loving care did the trick. The unusual plant soon began to bear large flowers. And before long, these flowers turned into long, yellow fruits, which look like large fingers.
It was almost as though the fingers of her lover, were reaching out to touch her.


Over the years, this unusual plant spawned many more, all with fruit like long, curved, human fingers. Today we call this fruit the Banana.

Wednesday, March 2, 2011

A Story to share "The fearless princess"

The fearless princess
(Mindanao)

 Who had a beautiful daughter named Princess Yimbungan, whose beauty was so breathtaking that all the handsome gods of the lakes and mountains vied for her affections and wanted to marry her. But her father loved his daughter so much, that he did not want to give her hand in marriage to any suitor, for he could not bear the thought of her leaving home.
      The handsome god of Mount Apo loved Yimbungan very much and was angry when the Manobo Chief refused to allow him to marry his beautiful daughter. Now it was an age old tradition that the Manobo chief was obliged to give a large going to the god of Mount Apo after the yearly harvest. Because the god was so angry at not being allowed to marry yimbungan, he ordered her father the chief, to deliver the gong seven days before the usual. If this gong was not delivered on time, then the Manobo chief and his people would suffer a terrible fate a t the hands of the god of Mount Apo.

The anxious chief gathered his councils of advisers together to discuss how could they passively find a way of making the large gong on time. Work on the gong began immediately. A huge fire was built with a large cooking suspended high above it. Into the pot, which was high above their heads, the villagers threw metal trinkets and pots and pans. The chief and the council of advisors chanted and prayed around the blazing fire, as it grew in intensity and melted the metal inside the cooking pot.  Once the metal had become boiling liquid, it was poured from the pot and into a clay mould in the shape of a huge gong. Which was the size two men in diameter.
      When the metal had set and the gong and the gong was removed from its mould, the chief struck the metal from the large stick. But to his horror, the gong did not produce a sound! They would have to start it all over and make the gong again.
      But the second gong turned out as disastrously as the first gong because this time, when the villagers removed the villagers removed the gong from its clay mould, it shattered into ten thousand tiny pieces. Time was now running for the delivery of the gong. The worried chief called  his shaman and asked him to find a way in making a gong which would produced a beautiful sound and which would not break in pieces.
       The old shaman closed his eyes and went into a deep trance so that he could communicate with the gods to find a way of making the gong. After several hours, the shaman awoke from his trance, with a worried look on his face. When the chief ask the shaman what advice the god had given him, the shaman began to shake and tremble. He told the chief that he was unable to repeat what advice the god had given him. No matter how many times the chief ask him, still the shaman trembled and refused to reveal whatever the god had told him during his trance.

      Princess Yimbungan saw that the shaman was trembling and refused to speak of his ordeal during his trance and so she took him aside and begged to tell her what the gods had said to him, for the sake of his father and the tribe. At first he was hesitant, but eventually the shaman agreed to tell the secret to Yimbungan, as long as the promised not to tell her father or any of his advisors. Yimbungan agreed to the shaman’s terms and he whispered to her the advice that he had been given the gods.

Yimbungan went to her father and asked that she be allowed to supevise the next casting of the gong because she was the only one who knew the secret of how to produce the perfect musical instrument. Her father agreed and Yimbungan immediately ordered the villagers to stoke up a huge and prepare the large pot high above it, into which they threw hundreds of trinkets and pans and pots.

When the boiling, molten was at just the right temperature, Yimbungan asked for a ladder so she climbed up to the top of the cooking pot to check the mixture. When Yimbungan reached the top of the ladder, she stopped for a moment and looked down at her father below. “I love you, father” she whispered. And then to everyone’s horror, Yimbungan leaped of the ladder and plunged into the bubbling, liquid metal where she was consumed in an instant in flames. Her father and villagers cried out in dismay but could do nothing to save the beautiful Yimbungan.

As the grief-stricken chief fell to his knees with his head in his hands, the shaman came over to him and placed a reassuring hand on his shoulder. “Do not be sad,” said the shaman. “The gods told me that the only way to produce a perfect mixture for the gong was if the flesh and blood of a beautiful princess was added when it reached just the right temperature. Your daughter sacrificed her life to produced the most beautiful musical instrument in the land.

The beautiful gong was offered to the god of mount Apo within the deadline he had given. He was surprised at the beauty of the gong and at the sweet sound it made when it was struck. But he became sad when he learned that the beautiful Princess Yimbungan, whom he loved so dearly, had sacrificed her life to produce the gong.
From his domain, high above the clouds, the god of mount Apo declared, “this gong contains the blood and flesh of my beloved princess Yimbungan.” I will turn this beautiful gong into a beautiful river which will sustain the people of the land surrounding it, for eternity. In return you must always remember the courage and the sacrifice of the beautiful princess Yimbungan that she may live forever in your hearts.”
 The god of mount Apo threw the gong from up above the clouds to the land below. As soon as the gong struck the land, there was a blinding flash and in an instant, the gong had become a flowing river which sparkled in the sun.


Ever since that day, the yimbungan River, which has since become known as the yimbungan River has provide the Manobo people with an abundance of fish and means of transportation, so that they will never forget the ultimate sacrifice made by their beautiful princess.